Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century. ![]() Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]()
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The size of the oolite reflects the time they have had exposed to the water before they were covered with later sediment. The oolites are commonly found in large current bedding structures that resemble sand dunes. Strong intertidal currents wash the 'seeds' around on the seabed, where they accumulate layers of chemically precipitated calcite from the supersaturated water. The mechanism of formation starts with a small fragment of sediment acting as a 'seed', e.g. They are usually formed in warm, supersaturated, shallow, highly agitated marine water intertidal environments, though some are formed in inland lakes. Oolitic hematite occurs at Red Mountain near Birmingham, Alabama, along with oolitic limestone. Dolomitic and chert ooids are most likely the result of the replacement of the original texture in limestone. The term oolith can refer to oolite or individual ooids.Ooids are most commonly composed of calcium carbonate (calcite or aragonite), but can be composed of phosphate, clays, chert, dolomite or iron minerals, including hematite. Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 mm rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The name derives from the Ancient Greek word for egg. The sediments left behind from Lake Idaho are known as the Chalk Hills and Glenns Ferry Formation.Oolite or oölite (egg stone) is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. Captured by the Snake River, the waters drained out in a massive flood that gouged Hell's Canyon. Geologist think that 2 to 4 million years ago, water from melting glaciers caused Lake Idaho to overflow to the west. Thousands of feet of sediment were deposited on the Lake's bottom over its 6.5 million years of existence, interrupted at times with layers of basalt and volcanic ash (tuff) from eruptions of adjacent volcanoes. Some 200 miles long and 35 miles wide, Lake Idaho drained south into Nevada. Now a valley, the Plain became a basin for Lake Idaho. Here, the earth's crust was pulled apart, northeast to southwest, and was stretched thin like taffy.Īs crustal extension progressed between 11 and 9 million years ago, the Owyhee Mountains and the Boise Front responded by rising to their present height along faults bordering the rift. Few other lands in Idaho support such a rich suite of rare species in such a small areaĮxtending across southwest Idaho between the Owyhee Mountains and Boise Front is the broad valley of the western Snake River Plain.Įvidence indicates that the Plain began as a continental rift about 12 million years ago. The physical and chemical properties of the Shoofly Oolite provide the foundation for the unique set of plants and fossils found here. Rivers and fans at the base of the adjacent mountain slopes later deposited a veneer of alluvium over the lake deposits. ![]() Siltstone, deposited by lake waters, forms the stratum above it. In some places, the upper surface of the oolite has been sculpted into hummocks, small arches, and intriguing shapes.īeach sands of varying thickness underlie the oolite. Small, isolated deposits are exposed discontinuously across the 40 miles between this spot and Murphy. Wave action that varied with the seasons, the weather, and the types of sediment in the water washed the ooids back and forth in the shallows on the southwestern side of Lake Idaho, depositing them from 2 to 40 feet thick on steeper benches near the shore.Įrosion carried away softer siltstone and volcanic tuffs but left the more resistant oolite to weather above the mudflats. Most other examples of ooid formation and deposition are found in wave-agitated sea waters or on the beds of much saltier lakes. ![]() The Shoofly Oolite is one of the largest freshwater lakebed oolites known in the world. Oolite is sedimentary limestone composed of tiny ooids, which form when calcium carbonate precipitates in concentric layers around individual grains of sand. The natural sculpture garden is a section of the Glenns Ferry Formation called the Shoofly Oolite. These archives are often called tarballs because of their. They are usually created using the tar command in Linux and UNIX systems, but you can use other software like WinZip if you are using Windows and MacOS. What is a TAR.XZ file?Ī Tar.xz file is a compressed archive that may be used to compress files and folders, share them over networks, or store them on disks. In this blog post, we shall take a look at how you can do it with WinZip, which works for both Windows and Mac computers. However, if you lack these tools, you'll likely need to extract the Tar.xz file on your own. Also, the latest Linux distributions come with pre-installed XZ extraction tools. Usually, cloud storage services such as Dropbox automatically extract them for you when downloading or uploading. While compression of XZ is known for being slow, its decompression can be quite fast if using the right tools. This basically means that no quality is lost from the original data, which makes it ideal for transferring more critical files such as software applications. The good thing about the XZ format is that it offers lossless compression. They are mostly used in Linux-based operating systems to compress files, using the LZMA2 compression algorithm. $ tar xvf /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.Tar.xz file formats are not really as common in the world today. $ /usr/local/Custom/lunzip/bin/lunzip /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz To run lunzip $ /usr/local/Custom/lunzip/bin/lunzipĮNABLE without path # echo '/usr/local/Custom/lunzip/bin' > /etc/paths configure -prefix=/usr/local/Custom/lunzip $ tar zxvf /usr/local/Sources/lunzip-1.9.tar.gz -C /usr/local/Sources/ To run lzip $ /usr/local/Custom/lzip/bin/lzip configure -prefix=/usr/local/Custom/lzip $ tar zxvf /usr/local/Sources/lzip-1.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/Sources/ Invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency error (eg, bug) which Not found, invalid flags, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or Options directly to achieve optimal performance.Įxit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file If your files are large, very repetitive,Įtc, you may need to use the -dictionary-size and -match-length The bidimensional parameter space of LZMA can't be mapped to a linear ![]() Numbers may be followed by a multiplier: k = kB = 10^3 = 1000, If no file names are given, or if a file is '-', lzip compresses orĭecompresses from standard input to standard output. v, -verbose be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more) S, -volume-size= set volume size limit in bytes s, -dictionary-size= set dictionary size limit in bytes o, -output= if reading standard input, write to m, -match-length= set match length limit in bytes l, -list print (un)compressed file sizes k, -keep keep (don't delete) input files F, -recompress force re-compression of compressed files f, -force overwrite existing output files c, -stdout write to standard output, keep input files b, -member-size= set member size limit in bytes a, -trailing-error exit with error status if trailing data V, -version output version information and exit Have a look at: How to Install Command Line Tools in OS X Mavericks & Yosemite (Without Xcode) $ lzip -help You also need to have Command Line Tools for Xcode installed in either case. I use lzip, which I compiled from source code, however it can also be installed with Homebrew: brew install lzip Joses-MacBook-Air:~ joseluisbz$ tar -xjf /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz Joses-MacBook-Air:~ joseluisbz$ tar -xjf /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz -C /usr/local/Sources/ Joses-MacBook-Air:~ joseluisbz$ tar xjf /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz -C /usr/local/Sources/ Xz: /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz: File format not recognized Joses-MacBook-Air:~ joseluisbz$ xz -dv /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz Xz: Compressed data cannot be written to a terminal Tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors. ![]() Joses-MacBook-Air:~ joseluisbz$ tar zxvf /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz -C /usr/local/Sources/ Joses-MacBook-Air:~ joseluisbz$ ls -al 1 joseluisbz wheel 80050 Oct 4 14:43 /usr/local/Sources/ddrescue-1.22.tar.lz I was trying to uncompress a tar.lz file. ![]() Sunday, September 11 Boston at Baltimore 1:05 pm EDT NESN, MASN/2 Washington at Philadelphia 1:05 pm EDT NBCS-PHI, MASN/2 St. Louis at Pittsburgh 7:35 pm EDT Bally Sports, ATTSN-PIT Arizona at Colorado 8:10 pm EDT Bally Sports, ATTSN-RM LA Dodgers at San Diego 8:40 pm EDT MLBN, Sportsnet, Bally Sports Atlanta at Seattle 9:10 pm EDT MLBN, Bally Sports, Root Sports Tampa Bay at NY Yankees 1:05 pm EDT MLBN, Bally Sports, YES San Francisco at Chicago Cubs 2:20 pm EDT ESPN+, NBCS-BAY, MARQ Chicago White Sox at Oakland 4:07 pm EDT MLBN, NBCS-CHI, NBCS-CA Boston at Baltimore 5:05 pm EDT NESN, MASN/2 Washington at Philadelphia 6:05 pm EDT NBCS-PHI, MASN/2 NY Mets at Miami 6:10 pm EDT Bally Sports, SNY Toronto at Texas 7:05 pm EDT Sportsnet, Bally Sports Detroit at Kansas City 7:10 pm EDT Bally Sports Cleveland at Minnesota 7:15 pm EDT FOX, Bally Sports LA Angels at Houston 7:15 pm EDT FOX, Bally Sports Cincinnati at Milwaukee 7:15 pm EDT Bally Sports St. Louis at Pittsburgh 6:35 pm EDT Bally Sports, ATTSN-PIT NY Mets at Miami 6:40 pm EDT Bally Sports, SNY Boston at Baltimore 7:05 pm EDT NESN, MASN/2 Washington at Philadelphia 7:05 pm EDT NBCS-PHI, MASN/2 Tampa Bay at NY Yankees 7:05 pm EDT ESPN+, Bally Sports, YES Toronto at Texas 8:05 pm EDT MLBN, Sportsnet, Bally Sports LA Angels at Houston 8:10 pm EDT Bally Sports Cincinnati at Milwaukee 8:10 pm EDT Bally Sports Cleveland at Minnesota 8:10 pm EDT Bally Sports Detroit at Kansas City 8:10 pm EDT MLBN, Bally Sports Arizona at Colorado 8:40 pm EDT Bally Sports, ATTSN-RM Atlanta at Seattle 9:40 pm EDT Bally Sports, Root Sports Chicago White Sox at Oakland 9:40 pm EDT NBCS-CHI, NBCS-CA LA Dodgers at San Diego 9:40 pm EDT Sportsnet, Bally Sports Louis 1:15 pm EDT MLBN, Bally Sports, MASN/2 Cincinnati at Chicago Cubs 2:20 pm EDT Bally Sports, MARQ San Francisco at Milwaukee 4:10 pm EDT MLBN, NBCS-BAY, Bally Sports Miami at Philadelphia 6:45 pm EDT NBCS-PHI, Bally Sports Minnesota at NY Yankees 7:05 pm EDT ESPN+, Bally Sports, YES San Francisco at Milwaukee 7:40 pm EDT MLBN, NBCS-BAY, Bally Sports Chicago White Sox at Oakland 9:40 pm EDT MMLBN, NBCS-CHI, NBCS-CAįriday, September 9 San Francisco at Chicago Cubs 4:05 pm EDT MLBN, NBCS-BAY, MARQ St. MLB TV Schedule 2022 & Watch Live Game Time Channel ![]() The Talmud defines dawn as the moment 72 minutes before sunrise. The Jewish Holy Scripture also dictates dawn as a time for prayer. Even within Islam, however, there are differing opinions about the correct moment for the prayer. However, the definition of the term varies from one faith and religious community to another.įor example, Muslims are required to offer the Fajr prayer, which is one of the five obligatory daily prayers in Islam constituting one of the Five Pillars of the Islamic faith, during the morning twilight period. Religious SignificanceĪs the beginning of a new day, dawn has a special significance in many of the world's religions. The term is also sometimes used as another word for sunrise-the moment when the upper edge of the Sun's disk appears above the horizon and the first direct sunlight of the day becomes visible. It is also often seen as a synonym for the period of morning twilight when the Sun is still below the horizon, but its rays are already reflected by the Earth's atmosphere, lighting up the sky. Popular UsageĬolloquially, dawn is used to denote daybreak in general. It ends as the upper edge of the Sun touches the horizon. This moment marks the beginning of civil twilight, the period of daybreak just before sunrise. At this point, only the brightest stars and planets, like Venus and Jupiter, are visible to the naked eye.Įven on a cloudy morning, there is now probably enough indirect natural light to make it possible to carry out most outdoor activities without artificial lighting. ![]() If the sky is clear, it is now enveloped in bright orange and yellow colors. Nautical dawn rings in the period of nautical twilight, which ends at civil dawn.Ĭivil dawn, the brightest instance of dawn, occurs when the geometric center of the Sun's disk is 6° below the horizon. As the horizon becomes faintly visible during this stage, seafarers can use it as a reference point when navigating by the stars. The sunlight reflected by the atmosphere is now generally sufficient to distinguish the sky from land or water in clear weather conditions. The 3 stages of dawn and morning Nautical DawnĪt nautical dawn, the geometric center of the Sun's disk reaches an angle of 12 degrees below the horizon. Astronomers may be unable to observe some of the fainter stars and galaxies as the Sun passes this mark.Īstronomical dawn marks the beginning of astronomical twilight, which lasts until nautical dawn. However, at this point, the twilight is so faint that it is generally indistinguishable from night, especially in areas with light pollution. The Earth's upper atmosphere begins to scatter and reflect the sunlight, illuminating the lower atmosphere. When the Sun passes the elevation angle of -18 degrees as it ascends towards the horizon before sunrise, a very small portion of its rays begin to permeate the firmament. ![]() Precise dawn and sunrise times for your city Astronomical Dawn
$3.8M to safeguard students’ mental health with additional supports through the school-based mental health program.$15M for preventative maintenance of HVACs and boilers to ensure systems work year-round.Historic $43.6M investment in FY 2023 to replace aging HVACs and boilers in schools.$18M to provide stability to schools through the Pandemic Supplement fund.A 5.87-percent increase in the base amount of the Uniform Per Student Funding Formula (UPSFF).$233K to plan a new residential conversions incentive program.$2.5M to attract transformative businesses.$100K for a Cherry Blossom bus tour to promote the Cherry Blossom Festival and attract visitors in Spring 2023.$750K to pay DC musicians to play music at key destinations to activate and enliven public spaces.$750K to sponsor large events and festivals.$3M for a new marketing campaign to attract leisure and business travelers.$2.5M in new competitive grants to create or enhance attractions for families to visit the city.$21M to raise participant wages in training programs in all DOES programs-including MBSYEP.Increasing Job Experience and Training Wages: $1.5M to continue waiving public space fees for neighborhood festivals and community-driven special events.$8M to continue the Bridge Fund, enabling arts and entertainment venues to reopen and recover post-pandemic.$500K to increase employer spending with minority led firms.$3.4M to help small and medium business growth.$6M to help equity impact enterprises buy commercial property and receive more flexible financing options.$18M to add fresh food access points East of the River.This approved budget includes significant investments in building a stronger, more equitable, more affordable DC. (Washington, DC) – Today, on the eve of the new fiscal year, Mayor Muriel Bowser highlighted the investments included in her historic Fiscal Year 2023 Fair Shot budget. ![]() Castello Aragonese was once home to Alfonso V of Aragon, husband to Maria of Castile. Voynich when the Castello Aragonese in Italy was privately sold off and its contents removed. It's thought that the manuscript came into the ownership of Wilfrid M. The decoding of the map gives the manuscript a more precise date of origin. The manuscript also contains a map (above) commemorating the rescue of survivors from the island of Vulcano following a nearby volcanic eruption in 1444 – a rescue effort led by Queen Maria herself. Its contents include herbal remedies, astrology readings, therapeutic bathing practices, and writings on reproduction and parenting. The document reveals that it was made by Dominican nuns for Queen of Aragon, Maria of Castile – great aunt of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII of England. "Both in terms of its linguistic importance and the revelations about the origin and content of the manuscript." "I experienced a series of eureka moments whilst deciphering the code, followed by a sense of disbelief and excitement when I realized the magnitude of the achievement," he says. Notably, the language is entirely lacking capital letters. Cheshire explains that these are, somewhat counterintuitively, used to abbreviate phonetic parts of words. The language also contains not only dipthongs, sounds formed by the combination of two vowels, but also triphthongs, quadriphthongs and even quintiphthongs. Instead, letter symbols are adapted to suggest punctuation or pronunciation. The language contains a mixture of symbols recognizable and unknown, with no dedicated punctuation. The language had been thought to have been lost thanks to the prevalence of Latin in the written documents of the period – "the language of royalty, church and government," Dr. Cheshire, it's the only known surviving example of a proto-Romance language, a linguistic forebear of modern languages including French, Spanish, Italian and Romanian. Gerard Cheshire after a mere two weeks, thanks to "a combination of lateral thinking and ingenuity."Īccording to Dr. Yet apparently they revealed themselves to the University of Bristol's Dr. Nevertheless, its secrets have escaped cryptographers, linguists and computer scientists alike, including Alan Turing and the code breakers of Bletchley Park, the FBI, and more recently, artificial intelligence. Strictly speaking, it isn't written in code at all, but rather a lost language: a type of proto-Romance. It has been carbon dated to the middle of the Fifteenth Century. Voynich, a Polish antiquarian and bookseller who obtained the manuscript in 1912. The Voynich manuscript is named for Wilfrid M. The language used in the 200-page manuscript has remained a mystery since it came to light more than a century ago. An academic from the University of Bristol in the UK has reportedly cracked the codex behind the so-called Voynich code. ![]() These are intended to inform or entertain or advocate for a cause for the audience who are usually interested in current affairs and programs that are usually half an hour to an hour in length. The main types of genre in podcasting are news and politics, society and culture, comedy, sports and others.News and politics podcasting keeps listeners updated with local, national, or global news or politics, often focusing on a specific topic with the use of existing media sources like newspapers or magazines. ![]() Podcasting is an easy and freely accessible service for the users to experience many genres like news, education, health, fitness, comedy, and fiction as well as industry updates and breakdowns that can be downloaded or streamed through the internet. The podcasting market consists of sales of podcasting services by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that is used for preparation and distribution of audio related to education, entertainment, and connection with like-minded communities.It refers to an audio series program made available in digital format for download or stream over the Internet. The podcasting market is expected to grow to $58.31 billion in 2026 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30.15%. The global podcasting market is expected to grow from $15.62 billion in 2021 to $20.32 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30.10%. 15, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - announces the release of the report "Podcasting Global Market Report 2022". com Inc, Apple Inc, iHeartMedia Inc, Megaphone LLC, Pandora Media LLC, Audacy Inc, Soundcloud Limited, Spotify AB, Stitcher, TuneIn Inc, Entercom Communications Corp, Liberated Syndication Inc, Podbean Tech LLC, PTC Inc, IBM Corporation, Tech Mahindra Limited, Wipro Limited, Oracle Corporation, Siemens AG, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Atos SE, Libsyn, Blubrry, PodOmatic, Sirius XM Holdings and The Adecco Group. The transaction is subject to the approval of theBankruptcy Court, which will supervise an auction for the assets of Rdio, as well as other customary closing conditions.Major players in the podcasting market are Amazon. Pandora is not acquiring the operating business of Rdio, and is acquiring the technology and talent to accelerate its own business strategy. Upon approval of the proposed transaction by the bankruptcy court, Rdio will be winding down the Rdio-branded service in all markets. The transaction is contingent upon Rdio seeking protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of California. I’m pleased that many members of the Rdio team will continue to shape the future of streaming music, applying our tradition of great design and innovative engineering on an even larger stage with Pandora,” saidAnthony Bay, chief executive officer of Rdio. “The Rdio team built an acclaimed product and technology platform that has consistently led innovation in the young streaming industry. I couldn’t be more optimistic about Pandora’s future and the future of music.” Adding Rdio’s impressive technology and talented people will fast-track new dimensions and enhancements to our service. “Adding live music experiences through Ticketfly was a transformative step. “We are defining the next chapter of Pandora’s growth story,” continued McAndrews. It is quite the norm for companies like these to go out for similar pricing and with certain key areas, all remaining in the same vicinity. The purchase price is set at $75 million in cash, subject to certain purchase price adjustments. Further details are available, we have added them right below.įirst, the purchase pricing info. More details about Pandora’s future vision will be shared during an investor call today at 1:30 p.m. ![]() The company expects to offer an expanded Pandora listening experience by late 2016, pending its ability to obtain proper licenses. In addition to acquiring technology and intellectual property from Rdio, many members of Rdio’s team will be offered roles with Pandora, subject to close of the agreement. “Wherever and however fans want to hear music, we intend to be their go-to destination.” “Whether streaming through radio, on-demand or in-person at live events, Pandora is building the definitive source for fans to discover and celebrate music,” said Brian McAndrews, chief executive officer at Pandora. With thanks to some restrictions, Pandora is not available in all parts of the world. This will accelerate the company’s plan to offer fans greater control over the music they love, strengthening Pandora’s position as the definitive source of music. Pandora today announced an agreement to acquire several key assets from Rdio, a pioneer in streaming music technology. ![]() Let us replace the the first occurrence of abc with xyz wherever found. If it is not available by default, run the following command to install it on Debian-based systems: $ sudo apt install renameįor instance, I have the following files in the current directory. The rename command comes preinstalled in most Unix-like operating systems. The rename utility will rename given files by substituting the first occurrence of expression in their name by replacement. $ man mmv Method 2 - Bulk rename files using rename utility This way you can simply verify what mmv command would actually do before renaming the files.įor more details, refer man pages. See? The files abcd1.txt, abcd2.txt, and abcd3.txt have been renamed to xyzd1.txt, xyzd2.txt, and xyzd3.txt.Īnother notable feature of mmv command is you can just print output instead of renaming the files using -n option like below. Let us check if "abc" is actually replaced with "xyz" or not. ![]() Please note that in the above example, I have enclosed the patterns in single quotes. You want to replace the the first occurrence of abc with xyz in all files in the current directory. doc file format in the current directory, simply run: $ mmv \*.txt \#1.doc You can even rename all files with a certain extension to a different extension. Also, you can enclose the patterns with quotes too. In our example, we have only one wildcard (the asterisk), so we write a #1. And, the hash sign should be escaped as well. A ‘#2′ in the ‘to’ pattern would match the second wildcard and so on. It matches the first wildcard found in the ‘from’ pattern. The ‘#1′ in the ‘to’ pattern is a wildcard index. Please be mindful that you must escape the wildcard characters, otherwise they will be expanded by the shell and mmv won’t understand them. We use wildcards, such as ‘*’, ‘?’ and ‘‘, to match one or more arbitrary characters. In the above example, the first parameter ( a*) is the 'from' pattern and the second parameter is 'to' pattern ( b#1).Īs per the above example, mmv will look for any filenames staring with letter 'a' and rename the matched files according to second parameter i.e 'to' pattern. $ lsĪs you can see, all files starts with letter "a" (i.e a1.txt, a2.txt, a3.txt) are renamed to b1.txt, b2.txt, b3.txt. Let us check if the files have been renamed or not. To rename all files starting with letter "a" to "b", simply run: $ mmv a\* b\#1 Of course, you can do this manually in few seconds.īut just think if you have hundreds of files and want to rename them? It is quite time consuming process. Now you want to rename all files that starts with letter "a" to "b". Let us say, you have the following files in your current directory. To install mmv on Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Pop OS, run the following command: $ sudo apt-get install mmv It is available in the default repositories of Debian-based systems. The mmv utility is used to move, copy, append and rename files in bulk using standard wildcards in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. I will keep updating the list if I come across any new method in future. As of writing this, I am aware of 8 different ways to batch rename files. There could be many commands and utilities to a bulk rename bunch of files. There are a few other utilities available to batch rename files in Linux. What would you do if you wanted to rename multiple files at a time? Worry not! As you can see in the screenshot below, we have 10 files named unknown file.But, the mv command won't support batch renaming files at once.
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